Seeing through the smoke: The effects of wildfire fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on standing and lying behavior in Holstein heifer calves
Wildfires are burning more acres annually, contributing to air pollution across the United States.Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM2.5), have health implications for humans and animals, and are known to alter behavior in several species, but effects of wildfire PM2.5 on dairy calf behavior are unknown.The present study aimed to underst